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Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, at least 70 of which are known to cause cancer. When these chemicals are inhaled, they irritate the airways and cause inflammation, which can lead to coughing.

Cigarette smoke can also damage the cilia, tiny hair-like structures in the airways that help to remove mucus and debris. When the cilia are damaged or destroyed, mucus and debris build up in the airways, causing coughing and other respiratory symptoms.

Cigarette smoke also weakens the immune system and makes it harder for the body to fight off infections. This can further irritate the airways and lead to a persistent cough.

Quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce coughing caused by cigarette smoke. It may take several weeks or months for the airways to heal after quitting, but over time, coughing should improve.